Sources of income for the non-elderly bottom fifth, 1979–2011
| Wages | Cash transfers (e.g., Social Security, UI) | In-kind benefits (e.g., SNAP, Medicaid) | Wages and benefits | Wage-related income (wages, benefits, and tax credits) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979-01-01 | 51.3% | 18.6% | 13.2% | 54.2% | 58.2% |
| 1980-01-01 | 51.0% | 19.3% | 13.5% | 53.5% | 57.2% |
| 1981-01-01 | 51.1% | 19.3% | 13.5% | 53.8% | 57.3% |
| 1982-01-01 | 50.0% | 20.3% | 14.3% | 52.9% | 56.2% |
| 1983-01-01 | 49.4% | 19.8% | 15.2% | 52.2% | 55.8% |
| 1984-01-01 | 51.1% | 17.2% | 13.3% | 54.4% | 57.8% |
| 1985-01-01 | 50.5% | 17.9% | 14.5% | 53.4% | 57.1% |
| 1986-01-01 | 49.8% | 17.2% | 14.9% | 53.1% | 56.8% |
| 1987-01-01 | 47.3% | 17.7% | 16.9% | 50.5% | 55.0% |
| 1988-01-01 | 47.4% | 17.2% | 16.5% | 50.3% | 55.4% |
| 1989-01-01 | 49.1% | 15.3% | 16.1% | 52.3% | 57.9% |
| 1990-01-01 | 50.1% | 14.5% | 17.5% | 53.1% | 58.3% |
| 1991-01-01 | 50.1% | 14.6% | 17.7% | 53.1% | 58.6% |
| 1992-01-01 | 50.8% | 14.2% | 17.8% | 54.3% | 60.2% |
| 1993-01-01 | 49.1% | 14.1% | 18.6% | 52.5% | 58.5% |
| 1994-01-01 | 48.6% | 13.7% | 18.7% | 52.6% | 60.1% |
| 1995-01-01 | 51.9% | 11.8% | 16.6% | 56.0% | 64.1% |
| 1996-01-01 | 52.5% | 11.6% | 16.0% | 56.9% | 65.7% |
| 1997-01-01 | 54.7% | 10.7% | 14.1% | 59.1% | 68.0% |
| 1998-01-01 | 56.5% | 9.7% | 13.3% | 60.9% | 70.3% |
| 1999-01-01 | 56.2% | 9.3% | 12.4% | 60.5% | 69.8% |
| 2000-01-01 | 56.1% | 9.1% | 12.7% | 60.9% | 69.6% |
| 2001-01-01 | 56.3% | 8.7% | 15.7% | 61.0% | 70.5% |
| 2002-01-01 | 55.6% | 9.5% | 15.2% | 60.3% | 69.9% |
| 2003-01-01 | 55.8% | 9.0% | 15.6% | 60.6% | 70.5% |
| 2004-01-01 | 55.5% | 8.6% | 15.9% | 60.7% | 70.7% |
| 2005-01-01 | 56.6% | 7.5% | 15.7% | 61.9% | 72.5% |
| 2006-01-01 | 56.7% | 6.7% | 15.9% | 62.0% | 72.7% |
| 2007-01-01 | 56.9% | 6.6% | 16.0% | 61.5% | 72.2% |
| 2008-01-01 | 56.6% | 7.7% | 16.7% | 60.9% | 74.8% |
| 2009-01-01 | 52.9% | 10.2% | 18.6% | 57.0% | 70.7% |
| 2010-01-01 | 52.9% | 10.5% | 18.3% | 56.6% | 70.3% |
| 2011-01-01 | 52.5% | 9.4% | 19.5% | 56.4% | 68.3% |
Note: Data are derived from weighted average of non-elderly childless households and households with children. Wages and benefits, cash transfers, and in-kind income comprise 97.2% of all pre-tax income for the bottom fifth non-elderly population in 2011. The other 2.8% is made up of capital gains, proprietors' income, other business income, interest and dividends, and other income.
Source: EPI analysis of Congressional Budget Office (2014)