Top 10 U.S. farm labor contractors by number of employment law violations detected, fiscal year 2005–2019
| Employer | Number of investigations | Number of violations | Share of violations | Total back wages owed | Share of back wages owed | Total civil money penalties (CMP) assessed | Share of FLC CMPs assessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urenda’s Farm and Forest Contractors, Inc. | 2 | 1645 | 2.5% | $0 | 0.0% | $2,789 | 0.0% |
| Global Horizons Inc. | 6 | 1625 | 2.5% | $164,259 | 2.3% | $0 | 0.0% |
| T Bell Detasseling LLC | 1 | 1413 | 2.2% | $0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% |
| Escamilla & Sons, Inc. | 1 | 1140 | 1.8% | $192,174 | 2.7% | $47,602 | 0.3% |
| Overlook Harvesting Company LLC | 3 | 807 | 1.2% | $107,995 | 1.5% | $1,116 | 0.0% |
| M & L Contractors, LLC | 2 | 799 | 1.2% | $17,797 | 0.2% | $5,002 | 0.0% |
| Cal West Farm Management, Inc. | 2 | 776 | 1.2% | $55,182 | 0.8% | $2,934 | 0.0% |
| Sunshine Agricultural Services | 2 | 674 | 1.0% | $64,518 | 0.9% | $1,759 | 0.0% |
| EAM Harvesting Inc | 1 | 662 | 1.0% | $47,096 | 0.7% | $6,007 | 0.0% |
| Vasquez Citrus & Hauling, Inc. | 1 | 568 | 0.9% | $56,476 | 0.8% | $4,856 | 0.0% |
| Total (top 10 FLC violators) | 21 | 10,109 | 15.5% | $705,497 | 9.9% | $72,065 | 0.5% |
| Total (all FLCs) | 4,893 | 65,135 | 100.0% | $7,150,330 | 100.0% | $13,928,818 | 100.0% |
Notes: Dollar amounts have been adjusted for inflation to 2019 constant dollar amounts using the CPI-U-RS. These figures were generated using the statistical software program Stata. The software code and source data files are available upon request.
Source: Authors' analysis of U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Compliance Action Data (U.S. DOL-WHD 2020f).